Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914

 

Theodore William Richards

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914 was awarded to Theodore W. Richards "in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements".

Theodore W. Richards received his Nobel Prize one year later, in 1915. During the selection process in 1914, the Nobel Committee for Chemistry decided that none of the year's nominations met the criteria as outlined in the will of Alfred Nobel. According to the Nobel Foundation's statutes, the Nobel Prize can in such a case be reserved until the following year, and this statute was then applied. Theodore W. Richards therefore received his Nobel Prize for 1914 one year later, in 1915.

Theodore William Richards (1868–1928), the first American to be awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry, received it in 1914 for his accurate determinations of the atomic weights of a large number of chemical elements—25 in all, including those used to determine virtually all other atomic weights. His work, which he began publishing in 1887, corrected earlier studies done in the 1860s by Jean Servais Stas. Among other contributions, Richards provided the experimental verification of the isotope concept, showing that lead from different sources has different atomic weights.
Born in Germantown, Pennsylvania, Richards was educated at home by his mother, a Quaker author and poet, and his father, a noted painter of seascapes, until he went to Haverford College at the age of 14. He proceeded to Harvard, where he earned a doctorate in chemistry by the time he was 20. He remained there as an important researcher and teacher, except for two sojourns in Europe—first on a prize fellowship and, much later, to learn about the latest developments in electrochemistry and thermodynamics to pass on to his students.

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